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Macarthur Foundation Fellows ("Genius Awards")

The MacArthur Fellows Program awards, known as the “Genius” awards, provide  unrestricted fellowships to talented individuals who have shown extraordinary originality and dedication in their creative pursuits and a marked capacity for self-direction. Selection for the awards is based on three criteria:
·         Exceptional creativity
·         Promise for important future advances based on a track record of significant accomplishment
·         Potential for the fellowship to facilitate subsequent creative work
The MacArthur Fellowship is paid directly to the individual and requires no specific action on the part of the individual. These “no strings” fellowship comes with a stipend of $500,000 paid on a quarterly basis over a five year period. The MacArthur Foundation has assets of $7 billion and provides approximately $300 million in grants each year.

WINNERS

2009 Lynsey Addario
Photojournalist
2009 Maneesh Agrawala
Computer vision technologist
2009 Timothy Barrett
Papermaker
2009 Mark Bradford
Mixed media artist
2009 Edwidge Danticat
Novelist
2009 "Rackstraw Downes
Painter
2009 Esther Duflo
Economist
2009 Deborah Eisenberg
Short story writer
2009 Lin He
Molecular biologist
2009 Peter Huybers
Climate scientist
2009 James Longley
Filmmaker
2009 L. Mahadevan
Applied mathematician
2009 Heather McHugh
Poet
2009 Jerry Mitchell
Investigative reporter
2009 Rebecca Onie
Health services innovator
2009 Richard Prum
Ornithologist
2009 John A. Rogers
Applied physicist
2009 Elyn Saks
Mental health lawyer
2009 Jill Seaman
Infectious disease physician
2009 Beth Shapiro
Evolutionary biologist
2009 Daniel Sigman
Biogeochemist
2009 Mary Tinetti
Geriatric physician
2009 Camille Utterback
Digital artist
2009 Theodore Zoll
Bridge engineer
2008 Sally Temple 
Neuroscientist
2008 Marin Soljacic 
Optical Physicist
2008 Nancy Siraisi 
Historian of Medicine
2008 Alex Ross 
Music Critic
2008 Adam Riess 
Astronomer
2008 Peter Pronovost 
Critical Care Physician
2008 John Ochsendorf 
Structural Engineer / Architectural Preservationist
2008 David Montgomery 
Geomorphologist
2008 Diane Meier 
Geriatrician
2008 Susan Mango 
Developmental Biologist
2008 Walter Kitundu 
Instrument Maker and Composer
2008 Alexei Kitaev 
Physicist / Computer Scientist
2008 Mary Jackson
Fiber Artist
2008 Leila Josefowicz 
Violinist
2008 Stephen Houston 
Anthropologist / Epigrapher
2008 Andrea Ghez
Astrophysicist
2008 Wafaa El-Sadr 
Infectious Disease Physician
2008 Tara Donovan 
Sculptor
2008 Kirsten Bomblies 
Plant Evolutionary Geneticist
2008 Regina Benjamin 
Rural Family Physician
2008 Will Allen 
Urban Farmer
2008 Chimamanda Adichie 
Fiction Writer
2008 Jennifer Tipton 
Stage Lighting Designer
2008 Rachel Wilson 
Experimental Neurobiologist
2008 Miguel Zenón 
Saxophonist
2007 Deborah Bial
Education strategist
2007 Peter Cole
Translator/poet/publisher
2007 Lisa Cooper
Public health physician
2007 Ruth DeFries
Environmental Geographer
2007 Mercedes Doretti
Forensic anthropologist
2007 Stuart Dybek
Writer
2007 Marc Edwards
Water quality engineer
2007 Michael Elowitz
Molecular biologist
2007 Saul Griffith
Inventor
2007 Sven Haakanson
Preservationist
2007 Corey Harris
Blues musician
2007 Cheryl Hayashi
Spider silk biologist
2007 My Hang V. Huynh
Chemist
2007 Claire Kremen
Conservation biologist
2007 Whitfield Lovell
Painter
2007 Yoky Matsuoka
Neuroroboticist
2007 Lynn Nottage
Playwright
2007 Mark Roth
Biomedical Scientist
2007 Paul Rothemund
Nanotechnologist
2007 Jay Rubenstein
Medieval historian
2007 Jonathan Shay
Clinical psychiatrist/classicist
2007 Joan Snyder
Painter
2007 Dawn Upshaw
Vocalist
2007 Shen Wei
Choreographer
2006 David Carroll
Naturalist
2006 Regina Carter
Jazz violinist
2006 Kenneth C. Catania
Neurobiologist
2006 Lisa Curran
Tropical forrester
2006 Kevin Eggan
Biologist
2006 James Fruchterman
Technologist
2006 Atul Gawande
Surgeon and author
2006 Linda Griffith
Bioengineer
2006 Victoria Hale
CEO OneWorld Health
2006 Adrian Nicole LeBlanc
Journalist and author
2006 David Macaulay
Author/illustrator
2006 Josiah McElheny
Sculptor
2006 D. Holmes Morton
Physician
2006 John A. Rich
Physician
2006 Jennifer Richeson
Social psychologist
2006 Sarah Ruhl
Playwright
2006 George Saunders
Short story writer
2006 Anna Schuleit
Commemorative artist
2006 Shahzia Sikander
Painter
2006 Terence Tao
Mathematician
2006 Claire J. Tomlin
Aviation engineer
2006 Luis von Ahn
Computer scientist
2006 Edith Widder
Deep-sea explorer
2006 Matias Zaldarriaga
Cosmologist
2006 John Zorn
Composer and musician
2005 Marin Alsop
Symphony conductor
2005 Ted Ames
Fisherman, conservationist, marine biologist
2005 Terry Belanger
Rare book preservationist
2005 Edet Belzberg
Documentary filmmaker
2005 Majora Carter
Urban revitalization strategist
2005 Lu Chen
Neuroscientist
2005 Michael Cohen
Pharmacist
2005 Joseph Curtin
Violin maker
2005 Aaron Dworkin
Music educator
2005 Teresita Fernandez
Sculptor
2005 Claire Gmachl
Quantum cascade laser engineer
2005 Sue Goldie
Physician /researcher
2005 Steven Goodman
Conservation biologist
2005 Pehr Harbury
Biochemist
2005 Nicole King
Molecular biologist
2005 Jon Kleinberg
Computer scientist
2005 Jonathan Lethem
Novelist
2005 Michael Manga
Geophysicist
2005 Todd Martinez
Theoretical chemist
2005 Julie Mehretu
Painter
2005 Kevin M. Murphy
Economist
2005 Olufunmilayo Olopade
Clinician/researcher
2005 Fazal Sheikh
Photographer
2005 Emily Thompson
Aural historian
2005 Michael Walsh
Vehicle emissions specialist
2004 Guillermo Algaze
Anthropologist and archaeologist
2004 Angela Belcher
Materials scientist and engineer
2004 Gretchen Berland
Physician and filmmaker
2004 James Carpenter
Artist
2004 Joseph DeRisi
Biologist
2004 Katherine Gottlieb
Health care leader
2004 David Green
Technology transfer innovator
2004 Aleksandar Hemon
Writer
2004 Heather Hurst
Archaeological illustrator
2004 Edward P. Jones
Writer
2004 John Kamm
Human rights activist
2004 Daphne Koller
Computer scientist
2004 Naomi Leonard
Engineer
2004 Tommie Lindsey
School debate coach
2004 Rueben Martinez
Businessman and activist
2004 Maria Mavroudi
Historian
2004 Vamsi Mootha
Clinical molecular biologist
2004 Judy Pfaff
American sculptor
2004 Aminah Robinson
Artist
2004 Reginald Robinson
Pianist and composer
2004 Cheryl Rogowski
Farmer
2004 Amy Smith
Inventor and mechanical engineer
2004 Julie Theriot
Microbiologist
2004 C. D. Wright
Poet
2003 Guillermo Algaze
Archeologist
2003 Jim Collins
Biomedical engineer
2003 Lydia Davis
Writer
2003 Erik Demaine
Theoretical computer scientist
2003 Corinne Dufka
Human rights researcher
2003 Peter Gleick
Conservation analyst
2003 Osvaldo Golijov
Composer
2003 Deborah Jin
Physicist
2003 Angela Johnson
Writer
2003 Tom Joyce
Blacksmith
2003 Sarah H. Kagan
Gerontological nurse
2003 Ned Kahn
Artist and science exhibit designer
2003 Jim Yong Kim
Public health physician
2003 Nawal M. Nour
Obstetrician and gynecologist
2003 Loren H. Rieseberg
Botanist
2003 Amy Rosenzweig
Biochemist
2003 Pedro A. Sanchez
Agronomist
2003 Lateefah Simon
Women's development leader
2003 Peter Sis
Illustrator
2003 Sarah Sze
Sculptor
2003 Eve Troutt Powell
Historian
2003 Anders Winroth
Historian
2003 Daisy Youngblood
Ceramic artist
2003 Xiaowei Zhuang
Biophysicist
2002 Danielle Allen
Classicist and political scientist
2002 Bonnie Bassler
Molecular biologist
2002 Ann M. Blair
Intellectual historian
2002 Katherine Boo
Journalist
2002 Paul Ginsparg
Physicist
2002 David B. Goldstein
Energy conservation specialist
2002 Karen Hesse
Writer
2002 Janine Jagger
Epidemiologist
2002 Daniel Jurafsky
Computer scientist and linguist
2002 Toba Khedoori
Artist
2002 Liz Lerman
Choreographer
2002 George E. Lewis
Trombonist
2002 Liza Lou
Artist
2002 Edgar Meyer
Bassist and composer
2002 Jack Miles
Writer and Biblical scholar
2002 Erik Mueggler
Anthropologist and ethnographer
2002 Sendhil Mullainathan
Economist
2002 Stanley Nelson
Documentary Filmmaker
2002 Lee Ann Newsom
Paleoethnobotanist
2002 Daniela Rus
Computer scientist
2002 Charles C. Steidel
Astronomer
2002 Brian Tucker
Seismologist
2002 Camilo Jose Vergara
Photographer
2002 Paul Wennberg
Atmospheric chemist
2002 Colson Whitehead
Writer
2001 Andrea Barrett
Writer
2001 Christopher Chyba
Astrobiologist
2001 Michael Dickinson
Fly biologist/bioengineer
2001 Rosanne Haggerty
Housing and community development leader
2001 Lene Hau
Physicist
2001 Dave Hickey
Art critic
2001 Stephen Hough
Pianist
2001 Kay Redfield Jamison
Psychologist
2001 Sandra Lanham
Pilot and conservationist
2001 Inigo Manglano-Ovalle
Artist
2001 Cynthia Moss
Natural historian
2001 Dirk Obbink
Classicist and papyrologist
2001 Norman Pace
Biochemist
2001 Suzan-Lori Parks
Playwright
2001 Brooks Pate
Physical chemist
2001 Xiao Qiang
Human rights leader
2001 Geraldine Seydoux
Molecular biologist
2001 Bright Sheng
Composer
2001 David Spergel
Astrophysicist
2001 Jean Strouse
Biographer
2001 Julie Su
Human rights lawyer
2001 David Wilson
Creator of The Museum of Jurassic Technology
2000 Susan E. Alcock
Archaeologist
2000 K. Christopher Beard
Paleontologist
2000 Lucy Blake
Conservationist
2000 Anne Carson
Poet
2000 Peter J. Hayes
Energy policy activist
2000 David A. Isay
Radio producer
2000 Alfredo Jaar
Photographer
2000 Ben Katchor
Graphic novelist
2000 Hideo Mabuchi
Physicist
2000 Susan Marshall
Choreographer
2000 Samuel Mockbee
Architect
2000 Cecilia Munoz
Civil rights policy analyst
2000 Margaret Murnane
Optical physicist
2000 Laura Otis
Literary scholar and historian of science
2000 Lucia M. Perillo
Poet
2000 Matthew Rabin
Economist
2000 Carl Safina
Marine conservationsit
2000 Daniel P. Schrag
Geochemist
2000 Susan E. Sygall
Civil rights leader
2000 Gina G. Turrigiano
Neuroscientist
2000 Gary Urton
Anthropologist
2000 Patricia J. Williams
Legal scholar
2000 Deborah Willis
Historian of photography and photographer
2000 Erik Winfree
Computer and materials scientist
2000 Horng-Tzer Yau
Mathematician
1999 Jillian Banfield
Geologist
1999 Carolyn Bertozzi
Chemist
1999 Xu Bing
Printmaker
1999 Bruce G. Blair
Policy analyst
1999 John Bonifaz
Election lawyer and voting rights leader
1999 Shawn Carlson
Educator
1999 Mark Danner
Journalist
1999 Alison L. Des Forges
Human rights activist
1999 Elizabeth Diller
Architect
1999 Saul Friedlander
Historian
1999 Jennifer Gordon
Lawyer
1999 David Hillis
Biologist
1999 Sara Horowitz
Lawyer
1999 Jacqueline Jones
Historian
1999 Laura Kiessling
Biochemist
1999 Leslie Kurke
Scholar
1999 David Levering Lewis
Biographer and historian
1999 Juan Maldacena
Physicist
1999 Gay J. McDougall
Human rights lawyer
1999 Campbell McGrath
Poet
1999 Denny Moore
Anthropological linguist
1999 Elizabeth Murray
Artist
1999 Pepon Osorio
Artist
1999 Ricardo Scofidio
Architect
1999 Peter Shor
Computer scientist
1999 Eva Silverstein
Physicist
1999 Wilma Subra
Scientist
1999 Ken Vandermark
Saxophonist, composer
1999 Naomi Wallace
Playwright
1999 Jeffrey Weeks
Mathematician
1999 Fred Wilson
Artist
1999 Ofelia Zepeda
Linguist
1998 Janine Antoni
Artist
1998 Ida Applebroog
Artist
1998 Ellen Barry
Lawyer
1998 Tim Berners-Lee
Inventor of the world wide web protocol
1998 Linda Bierds
Poet
1998 Bernadette Brooten
Historian
1998 John Carlstrom
Physicist
1998 Mike Davis
Historian
1998 Nancy Folbre
Economist
1998 Avner Greif
Economist
1998 Kun-Liang Guan
Biochemist
1998 Gary Hill
Artist
1998 Edward Hirsch
Poet, essayist
1998 Ayesha Jalal
Historian
1998 Charles R. Johnson
Writer
1998 Leah Krubitzer
Neuroscientist
1998 Stewart Kwoh
Human rights activist
1998 Charles Lewis
Journalist
1998 William McDonald
Rancher and conservationist
1998 Peter Miller
Historian
1998 Don Mitchell
Cultural geographer
1998 Rebecca Nelson
Plant pathologist
1998 Elinor Ochs
Linguistic anthropologist
1998 Ishmael Reed
Poet, essayist, novelist
1998 Benjamin D. Santer
Atmospheric scientist
1998 Karl Sims
Computer scientist and artist
1998 Dorothy Thomas
Human rights activist
1998 Leonard Zeskind
Human rights activist
1998 Mary Zimmerman
Playwright
1997 Luis Alfaro
Writer and performance artist
1997 Lee Breur
Playwright
1997 Vija Celmins
Artist
1997 Eric Charnov
Evolutionary biologist
1997 Elouise Cobell
Banker
1997 Peter Galison
Historian
1997 Mark Harrington
AIDS researcher
1997 Eva Harris
Molecular biologist
1997 Michael Kremer
Economist
1997 Russel Lande
Biologist
1997 Kerry James Marshall
Artist
1997 Nancy Moran
Artist
1997 Han Ong
Playwright
1997 Kathleen Ross
Educator
1997 Pamela Samuelson
Copyright scholar and activist
1997 Susan Stewart
Literary scholar and poet
1997 Elizabeth Streb
Dancer and choreographer
1997 Trimpin
Sound sculptor
1997 Loic Wacquant
Sociologist
1997 Kara Walker
Artist
1997 David Foster Wallace
Writer and journalist
1997 Andrew Wiles
Mathematician
1997 Brackette Williams
Anthropologist
1996 James Angel
Astronomer
1996 Joaquin Avila
Voting rights advocate
1996 Allan Berube
Historian
1996 Barbara Block
Marine biologist
1996 Joan Breton Connelly
Classical archaeologist
1996 Thomas Daniel
Biologist
1996 Martin Daniel Eakes
Economic development strategist
1996 Rebecca Goldstein
Writer
1996 Robert Greenstein
Public policy analayst
1996 Richard Howard
Poet
1996 John Jesurun
Playwright
1996 Richard Lenski
Biologist
1996 Louis Massiah
Documentary Filmmaker
1996 Vonnie McLoyd
Developmental psychologist
1996 Thylias Moss
Poet and writer
1996 Eiko Otake & Koma Otake
Dancers and choreographers
1996 Nathan Seiberg
Physicist
1996 Anna Deavere Smith
Playwright, journalist, actress
1996 Dorothy Stoneman
Educator
1996 William E. Strickland
Art educator
1995 Allison Anders
Filmmaker
1995 Jed Z. Buchwald
Historian
1995 Octavia Butler
Science fiction novelist
1995 Sandra Cisneros
Writer and poet
1995 Sandy Close
Journalist
1995 Frederick C. Cuny
Disaster relief specialist
1995 Sharon Emerson
Biologist
1995 Richard Foreman
Theater director
1995 Alma Guillermoprieto
Journalist
1995 Virginia Hamilton
Writer
1995 Donald Hopkins
Physician
1995 Susan W. Kieffer
Geologist
1995 Elizabeth LeCompte
Theater director
1995 Patricia Nelson Limerick
Historian
1995 Michael Marletta
Chemist
1995 Pamela Matson
Ecologist
1995 Susan McClary
Musicologist
1995 Meredith Monk
Vocalist, composer, director
1995 Rosalin P. Petchesky
Political scientist
1995 Joel Rogers
Political scientist
1995 Cindy Sherman
Photographer
1995 Bryan Stevenson
Human rights lawyer
1995 Nicholas Strausfeld
Neurobiologist
1995 Richard White
Historian
1994 Robert Adams
Photographer
1994 Jeraldyne Blunden
Choreographer
1994 Anthony Braxton
Musician
1994 Rogers Brubaker
Sociologist
1994 Ornette Coleman
Jazz performer and composer
1994 Israel Gelfand
Mathematician and biologist
1994 Faye Ginsburg
Antropologist
1994 Heidi Hartmann
Economist
1994 Bill T. Jones
Dancer and choreographer
1994 Peter E. Kenmore
Agricultural entomologist
1994 Joseph E. Marshall
Educator
1994 Carolyn McKecuen
Economic development leader
1994 Donella Meadows
Writer
1994 Arthur Mitchell
Choreographer
1994 Hugo Morales
Radio producer
1994 Janine Pease
Educator
1994 Willie Reale
Theater arts educator
1994 Adrienne Rich
Poet and writer
1994 Sam-Ang Sam
Musician and cultural preservationist
1994 Vincent Almendros
Animator
1994 Jack Wisdom
Physicist
1993 Nancy Cartwright
Philosopher
1993 Demetrios Christodoulou
Mathematician and physicist
1993 Maria Crawford
Geologist
1993 Stanley Crouch
Jazz critic and writer
1993 Nora England
Anthropological linguist
1993 Paul Farmer
Medical anthropologist
1993 Victoria Foe
Developmental biologist
1993 Ernest Gaines
Writer
1993 Pedro Greer
Physician
1993 Thom Gunn
Poet and literary critic
1993 Ann Hamilton
Artist
1993 Sokoni Karanja
Child and family development specialist
1993 Ann Lauterbach
Poet and literary critic
1993 Stephen Lee
Chemist
1993 Carol Levine
AIDS Policy specialist
1993 Amory Lovins
Physicist and energy analyst
1993 Jane Lubchenco
Marine biologist
1993 Ruth Lubic
Nurse, midwife
1993 Jim Powell
Poet and translator
1993 Margie Profet
Evolutionary biologist
1993 Thomas Scanlon
Philosopher
1993 Aaron Shirley
Health care leader
1993 William Siemering
Journalist and radio producer
1993 Ellen Silbergeld, biologist
Biologist
1993 Leonard van der Kuijp
Philologist and historian
1993 Frank von Hippel
Arms control and energy analyst
1993 John Wideman
Writer
1993 Heather Williams
Biologist and ornithologist
1993 Marion Williams
Gospel music performer
1993 Robert H. Williams
Physicist and energy analyst
1993 Henry T. Wright
Archaeologist and anthropologist
1992 Janet Benshoof
Attorney
1992 Robert Blackburn
Printmaker
1992 Unita Blackwell
Civil rights leader
1992 Lorna Bourg
Rural development leader
1992 Stanley Cavell
Philosopher
1992 Amy Clampitt
Poet
1992 Ingrid Daubechies
Mathematician
1992 Wendy Ewald
Photographer
1992 Irving Feldman
Poet
1992 Barbara Fields
Historian
1992 Robert Hall
Journalist
1992 Ann Hanson
Historian
1992 John Henry Holland
Computer scientist
1992 Wes Jackson
Agronomist
1992 Evelyn Keller
Historian and philosopher of science
1992 Steve Lacy
Saxophonist and composer
1992 Suzanne Lebsock
Social historian
1992 Sharon Long
Plant biologist
1992 Norman Manea
Writer
1992 Paule Marshall
Writer
1992 Michael Massing
Journalist
1992 Robert McCabe
Educator
1992 Susan Meiselas
Photojournalist
1992 Amalia Mesa-Bain
Artist and cultural critic
1992 Stephen Schneider
Climatologist
1992 Joanna Scott
Writer
1992 John T. Scott
Artist
1992 John Terborgh
Conservation biologist
1992 Twyla Tharp
Dancer and choreographer
1992 Philip Treisman
Mathematics educator
1992 Laurel Thatcher Ulrich
Historian
1992 Geerat J. Vermeij
Evolutionary biologist
1992 Gunter Wagner
Developmental biologist
1991 Jacqueline Barton
Biophysical chemist
1991 Paul Berman
Journalist
1991 James Blinn
Computer animator
1991 Taylor Branch
Social historian
1991 Trisha Brown
Choreographer
1991 Mari Jo Buhle
American historian
1991 Patricia Churchland
Philosopher
1991 David Donoho
Statistician
1991 Steven Feld
Anthropologist
1991 Alice Fulton
Poet
1991 Guillermo Gomez-Pena
Writer and artist
1991 Jerzy Grotowski
Theater director
1991 David Hammons
Artist
1991 Sophia Harris
Child care leader
1991 Lewis Hyde
Writer
1991 Ali Akbar Khan
Muscian
1991 Sergiu Klainerman
Mathematician
1991 Martin Kreitman
Geneticist
1991 Harlan Lane
Psychologist and linguist
1991 William Linder
Community development leader
1991 Patricia Locke
Tribal rights leader
1991 Mark Morris
Choreographer and dancer
1991 Marcel Ophuls
Documentary Filmmaker
1991 Arnold Rampersad
Biographer and literary critic
1991 Gunther Schuller
Composer, conductor, jazz historian
1991 Joel Schwartz
Epidemiologist
1991 Cecil Taylor
Jazz pianist and composer
1991 Julie Taymor
Theater director
1991 David Werner
Health care leader
1991 James Westphal
Engineer and scientist
1991 Eleanor Wilner
Poet
1990 John Christian Bailar
Biostatistician
1990 Martha Clarke
Theater director
1990 Jacques d'Amboise
Dance educator
1990 Guy Davenport
Writer and critic
1990 Lisa Delpit
Education reform leader
1990 John Eaton
Composer
1990 Paul R. Ehrlich
Population biologist
1990 Charlotte Erickson
Historian
1990 Lee Friedlander
Photographer
1990 Margaret Geller
Astrophysicist
1990 Jorie Graham
Poet
1990 Patricia Hampl
Writer
1990 John Hollander
Poet and literary critic
1990 Thomas Cleveland Holt
Social and cultural historian
1990 David Kazhdan
Mathematician
1990 Calvin King
Land and farm development specialist
1990 M. A. R. Koehl
Marine biologist
1990 Nancy Kopell
Mathematician
1990 Michael Moschen
Performance artist
1990 Gary Nabhan
Ethnobotanist
1990 Sherry Ortner
Anthropologist
1990 Otis Pitts
Community development leader
1990 Yvonne Rainer
Filmmaker and choreographer
1990 Michael Schudson
Sociologist
1990 Rebecca J. Scott
Historian
1990 Marc Shell
Scholar
1990 Susan Sontag
Photographer, writer
1990 Richard Stallman
Free Software Foundation founder, Copyleft concept inventor
1990 Guy Tudor
Conservationist
1990 Maria Varela
Community development leader
1990 Gregory Vlastos
Classicist and philosopher
1990 Kent Whealy
Preservationist
1990 Eric Wolf
Anthropologist
1990 Sidney Wolfe
Physician
1990 Robert Woodson
Community development leader
1990 Jose Zalaquett
Human rights lawyer
1989 Anthony Amsterdam
Legal expert
1989 Byllye Avery
Women's healthcare leader
1989 Alvin Bronstein
Human rights lawyer
1989 Leo Buss
Evolutionary biologist
1989 Jay Cantor
Writer
1989 George Davis
Environmental policy analyst
1989 Allen Grossman
Poet
1989 John Harbison
Composer and conductor
1989 Keith Hefner
Journalist and educator
1989 Ralf Hotchkiss
Rehabilitation engineer
1989 John Rice Irwin
Curator and cultural preservationist
1989 Daniel Janzen
Ecologist and environmental policy analyst
1989 Bernice Johnson Reagon
Music historian, composer, and vocalist
1989 Aaron Lansky
Cultural preservationist
1989 Jennifer Moody
Archaeologist and anthropologist
1989 Errol Morris
Filmmaker
1989 Vivian Paley
Educator and writer
1989 Richard Powers
Novelist
1989 Martin Puryear
Sculptor
1989 Theodre Rosengarten
Historian
1989 Margaret W. Rossiter
Historian of science
1989 George Russell
Composer and music theorist
1989 Pam Solo
Arms control analyst
1989 Ellendea Proffer Teasley
Translator and publisher
1989 Clair Van Vliet
Book artist
1989 Baldemar Velasquez
Farm labor leader
1989 Bill Viola
Video artist
1989 Eliot Wigginton
Educator
1989 Patricia Wright
Primatologist
1988 Charles Archambeau
Geophysicist
1988 Michael Baxandall
Art historian
1988 Ruth Behar
Cultural anthropologist
1988 Ran Blake
Composer and pianist
1988 Charles Burnett
Filmmaker
1988 Philip James DeVries
Insect biologist
1988 Andre Dubus
Writer
1988 Helen T. Edwards
Physicist
1988 Jon H. Else
Primatologist and paleontologist
1988 John G. Fleagle
Middle Eastern historian
1988 Cornell H. Fleischer
1988 Getatchew Haile
Philologist and linguist
1988 Raymond Jeanloz
Geophysicist
1988 Marvin Phillip Kahl
Zoologist
1988 Naomi Pierce
Biologist
1988 Thomas Pynchon
Novelist
1988 Stephen J. Pyne
Environmental historian
1988 Max Roach
Percussionist and jazz composer
1988 Hipolito (Paul) Roldan
Community developer
1988 Anna Curtenius Roosevelt
archaeologist
1988 David Alan Rosenberg
Military historian
1988 Susan Irene Rotroff
Archaeologist
1988 Bruce Schwartz
Figurative sculptor and puppeteer
1988 Robert S. Shaw
Physicist
1988 Jonathan Spence
Historian
1988 Noel M. Swerdlow
Historian of science
1988 Gary A. Tomlinson
Musicologist
1988 Alan Walker
Paleontologist
1988 Eddie Williams
Policy analyst and civil rights leader
1988 Rita P. Wright
Archaeologist
1988 Garth Youngberg
Agriculturalist
1987 Walter Abish
Writer
1987 Robert Axelrod
Political scientist
1987 Robert F. Coleman
Mathematician
1987 Douglas Crase
Poet
1987 Daniel Friedan
Physicist
1987 David Gross
Physicist
1987 Ira Herskowitz
Molecular Geneticist
1987 Irving Howe
Literary and social critic
1987 Wesley Charles Jacobs, Jr.
Rural planner
1987 Peter Jeffery
Musicologist
1987 Horace Freeland Judson
Historian of science
1987 Stuart Alan Kauffman
Evolutioinary biologist
1987 Richard Kenney
Poet
1987 Eric Lander
Geneticist and mathematician
1987 Michael Malin
Geologist and planetary scientist
1987 Deborah W. Meier
Education reform leader
1987 Arnaldo Dante Momigliano
Historian
1987 David Mumford
Mathematician
1987 Tina Rosenberg
Journalist
1987 David Rumelhart
Cognitive scientist and psychologist
1987 Robert Morris Sapolsky
Neuroendocrinologist and primatologist
1987 Meyer Schapiro
Art historian
1987 John H. Schwarz
Physicist
1987 Jon Seger
Evolutionary ecologist
1987 Stephen Shenker
Physicist
1987 David Dean Shulman
Historian of religion
1987 Muriel S. Snowden
Community organizer
1987 Mark Strand
Poet and writer
1987 May Swenson
Poet
1987 Huynh Thong
Translator and editor
1987 William Julius Wilson
Sociologist
1987 Richard Wrangham
Primate ethologist
1986 Paul Adams
Neurobiologist
1986 Milton Babbitt
Composer
1986 Christopher Beckwith
Philologist
1986 Richard Benson
Photographer
1986 Lester R. Brown
Agricultural economist
1986 Caroline Bynum
Medieval historian
1986 William A. Christian
Historian of religion
1986 Nancy Farriss
Historian
1986 Benedict Gross
Mathematician
1986 Daryl Hine
Poet and translator
1986 John Robert Horner
Palebiologist
1986 Thomas C. Joe
Social policy analyst
1986 David Keightley
Historian and sinologist
1986 Albert J. Libchaber
Physicist
1986 David C. Page
Molecular geneticist
1986 George Perle
Composer and music theorist
1986 James Randi
Educator
1986 David Rudovsky
Civil rights lawyer
1986 Robert Shapley
Neurophysicist
1986 Leo Steinberg
Art historian
1986 Richard P. Turco
Atmospheric scientist
1986 Thomas Whiteside
Journalist
1986 Allan C. Wilson
Biochemist
1986 Jay Wright
Poet and Playwright
1986 Charles Wuorinen
Composer
1985 Joan Abrahamson
Community development leader
1985 John Ashbery
Poet
1985 John F. Benton
Medieval historian
1985 Harold Bloom
Literary Critic
1985 Valery Chalidze
Physicist and human rights organizer
1985 William Cronon
Environmental historian
1985 Merce Cunningham
Choreogrpaher
1985 Jared Diamond
Environmental historian and psychologist
1985 Marian Edelman
Children's Defense Fund founder
1985 Morton Halperin
Political scientist
1985 Robert M. Hayes
Lawyer and human rights leader
1985 Edwin Hutchins
Cognitive scientist
1985 Sam Maloof
Woodworker
1985 Andrew McGuire
Trauma prevention specialist
1985 Patrick Noonan
Mathematical biologist
1985 George Oster
Botanist
1985 Thomas G. Palaima
Classicist
1985 Peter Raven
1985 Jane S. Richardson
Biochemist
1985 Gregory Schopen
Historian of religion
1985 Franklin Stahl
Geneticist
1985 J. Richard Steffy
Nautical archaeologist
1985 Ellen Stewart
Theater director
1985 Paul Taylo
Choreographer, dance company founder
1985 Shing-Tung Yau
Mathematician
1984 George Archibald
Ornithologist
1984 Ernesto J. Cortes, Jr.
Community organizer
1984 Robert Hass
Poet, critic, and translator
1984 J. Bryan Hass
Religion and foreign policy scholar
1984 Robert Irwin
Painter and installation artist
1984 Ruth Prawer Jhabvala
Novelist and screenwriter
1984 Paul Oskar Kristeller
Intellectual historian and philosopher
1984 Sara Lawrence-Lightfoot
Educator
1984 Heather Lechtman
Mateirals scientist and archaeologist
1984 Michael Lerner
Environmentalist, public health leader
1984 Andrew W. Lewis
Medieval historian
1984 Arnold J. Mandell
Neuroscientist and psychiatrist
1984 Matthew Meselson
Geneticist and arms control analyst
1984 David R. Nelson
Pysiicist
1984 Michael Piore
Economist
1984 Judith N. Shklar
Political philosopher
1984 Charles Simic
Poet, translator, and essayist
1984 David Stuart
Linguist and epigrapher
1984 John E. Toews
Intellectual historian
1984 James Turrell
Light sculptor
1984 Jay Weiss
Psychologist
1984 Carl R. Woese
Molecular Biologist
1984 Shelly Bernstein
Pediatric hematologist
1984 Peter J. Bickel
Statistician
1984 William Drayton
Public service innovator
1984 Sidney Drell
Physicist and arms policy analyst
1984 Mitchell J. Feigenbaum
Mathematical physicist
1984 Michael H. Freedman
Mathematician
1984 Curtis G. Hames
Family physician
1984 Shirley Heath
Linguistic anthropologist
1984 Bette Howland
Writer and literary critic
1984 Bill Irwin
Writer and performance artist
1984 Fritz John
Mathematician
1984 Galway Kinnell
Poet
1984 Henry Kraus
Art historian
1984 Peter Mathews
Archeologist and epigrapher
1984 Beaumont Newhall
Historian of photography
1984 Roger S. Payne
Zoologist and conservationist
1984 Edward V. Roberts
Civil rights leader
1984 Elliot Sperling
Tibetan studies scholar
1984 Frank Sulloway
Psychologist
1984 Alar Toomre
Astronomer and mathematician
1984 Amos Tversky
Cognitive scientist
1984 J. Kirk Varnedoe
Art historian
1984 Bret Wallach
Geographer
1984 Arthur Winfree
Physiologist and mathematician
1984 Billie Young
Community development leader
1983 R. Stephen Berry
Physical Chemist
1983 Philip D. Curtin
Historian of Africa
1983 William H. Durham
Biological anthropologist
1983 Bradley Efron
Statistician
1983 David L. Felten
Neuroscientist
1983 Shelomo Goitein
Medieval historian
1983 Ramon Gutierrez
Historian
1983 Bela Julesz
Psychologist
1983 William Kennedy
Historian of philosophy and religion
1983 Leszek Kolakowski
1983 Brad Leithauser
Poet and writer
1983 Lawrence W. Levine
Historian
1983 Ralph Manheim
Translator
1983 Charles S. Peskin
Mathematician and physiologist
1983 Julia Robinson
Mathematician
1983 John Sayles
Filmmaker
1983 Peter Sellars
Theater and opera director
1983 Adrian Wilson
Book designer, printer, and historian of the book
1983 Irene J. Winter
Art historian and archaeologist
1983 Mark S. Wrighton
Chemist
1983 Seweryn Bialer
Political scientist
1983 William C. Clark
Ecologist and environmental policy analyst
1983 Randall W. Forsberg
Political scientist and arms control strategist
1983 Alexander L. George
Political scientist
1983 Mott T. Greene
Historian of science
1983 John J. Hopfield
Physicist and biologist
1983 Sylvia A. Law
Human rights lawyer
1983 Robert K. Merton
Historian and sociologist
1983 Walter F. Morris, Jr
Cultural preservationist
1983 A.K. Ramanujan
Poet, translator, and literary scholar
1983 Alice M. Rivlin
Economist and policy analyst
1983 Richard M. Schoen
Mathematician
1983 Karen K. Uhlenbeck
Mathematician
1982 Fouad Ajami
Political scientist
1982 Charles A. Bigelow
Graphic designer
1982 Peter Robert Lamont Brown
Historian
1982 Robert Darnton
European historian
1982 Persi Diaconis
Statistician
1982 William Gaddis
Novelist
1982 Ved Mehta
Writer
1982 Robert Parris Moses
Educator
1982 Richard A. Muller
Geologist and astrophysicist
1982 Conlon Nancarrow
Composer
1982 Alfonso Ortiz
Cultural anthropologist
1982 Francesca Rochberg
Assyriologist and historian of science
1982 Charles Sabel
Political scientist and legal scholar
1982 Ralph Shapey
Composer and conductor
1982 Michael Silverstein
Linguist
1982 Randolph Whitfield, Jr
Opthomologist
1982 Frank Wilczek
Physicist
1982 Frederick Wiseman
Documentary filmmaker
1982 Edward Witten
Physicist
1981 A. R. Ammons
Poet
1981 Joseph Brodsky
Poet
1981 Gregory V. Chudnovsky
Mathematician
1981 Robert Coles
Child psychiatrist
1981 Shelly Errington
Cultural anthropologist
1981 Henry Louis Gates, Jr.
Literary Critic
1981 Michael Ghiselin
Evolutionary biologist
1981 Stephen Jay Gould
Paleontologist
1981 Ian Graham
Archaeologist
1981 John Imbrie
Climatologist
1981 Elma Lewis
Arts educator
1981 James Alan McPherson
Novelist
1981 Roy P. Mottahedeh
Historian
1981 Douglas D. Osheroff
Physicist
1981 Robert Root-Bernstein
Biologist
1981 Lawrence Rosen
Attorney and anthropologist
1981 Carl E. Schorske
Intellectual historian
1981 Leslie Marmon Silko
Writer
1981 Derek Walcott
Poet and playwright
1981 Robert Penn Warren
Poet
1981 Stephen Wolfram
Computer scientist
1981 John Cairns
Molecular biologist
1981 Joel E. Cohen
Population biologist
1981 Richard Critchfield
Essayist
1981 Howard Gardner
Psychologist
1981 John Gaventa
Sociologist
1981 David Hawkins
Philosopher
1981 John P. Holdren
Arms contol and energy analyst
1981 Ada Louise Huxtable
Architectural Critic
1981 Robert Kates
Geographer
1981 Raphael Carl Lee
Surgeon
1981 Cormac McCarthy
Writer
1981 Barbara McClintock
Geneticist
1981 Richard C. Mulligan
Molecular Biologist
1981 Elaine H. Pagels
Historian of religion
1981 David Pingree
Historian of science
1981 Paul G. Richards
Seismologist
1981 Richard Rorty
Philosopher
1981 Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr
Astrophysicist
1981 Michael Woodford
Economist
1981 George Zweig
Physicist and neurobiologist